Brian Egan is a graduate of the University of Oxford MSc Criminology and Criminal Justice and was a DPRU Research Intern 2021-22. Jocelyn Hutton is an ESRC Research Officer in the DPRU. For further details on the work of the DPRU, see the University of Oxford website. REFERENCES 1 UN Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR), ‘Special Rapporteur on Iran: Sanctions and the Government’s “Inadequate and Opaque” Response Have Exacerbated Covid-19’s Impact in Iran,’ (9 March 2021) <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=26870&LangID=E> accessed 1 February 2022. 2 Fédération Internationale Pour Les Droits Humains (FIDH) and Ligue de Defense des Droits De L’Homme en Iran (LDDHI), No One is Spared: The Widespread Use of the Death Penalty in Iran (2020) <https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/iranpdm758ang.pdf> accessed 1 February 2021. 3 Ahmed Shaheed and Faraz Sanei, ‘Outlier: Iran and its Use of the Death Penalty Laws’ (2016) in OHCHR (ed) Death Penalty and the Victims (UN 2016) <https://ohchr.org/EN/newyork/Documents/Death-Penalty-and-the-Victims-WEB.PDF> accessed 1 February 2022, 181-209. 4 ibid 183. 5 Shaheed and Sanei, ‘Outlier: Iran and its Use of the Death Penalty Laws’ (n 3) 181. 6 Iran Human Rights Monitor, ‘Iran’s 2021 record: One death penalty carried out every day’ (6 January 2022) <https://iranhrm.com/2022/01/06/iran-prisoners-executed-in-2021-one-death-penalty-carried-out-every-day/> accessed 28 January 2022. 7 Michael Mumisa, Sharia Law and the Death Penalty (Penal Reform International 2015) <https://cdn.penalreform.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/07/Sharia-law-and-the-death-penalty.pdf> accessed 1 February 2022, 7. 8 Carolyn Hoyle, ‘Victims of Wrongful Convictions in Retentionist Nations’ in OHCHR (ed) Death Penalty and the Victims (UN 2016) <https://ohchr.org/EN/newyork/Documents/Death-Penalty-and-the-Victims-WEB.PDF> accessed 1 February 2022, 86-103. 9 UNGA, ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran’ UN Doc A/HRC/37/68 <https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/37/68> accessed 3 February 2022, para 59-61. 10 Centre for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI), ‘Show Trials of Dual Nationals will Continue until P5+1 Creates United Front Against Hostage-Taking’ (27 April 2021) <https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/04/show-trials-of-dual-nationals-will-continue-untilp51-countries-create-united-front-against-hostage-taking/ > accessed 1 February 2022. 11 FIDH, Iran/Death Penalty: A State Terror Policy (2009) <https://www.refworld.org/docid/49f9ad372.html> accessed 1 February 2022, 26. 12 Hoyle, ‘Victims of Wrongful Convictions in Retentionist Nations’ (n 8) 100. 13 Hadi Ghaemi, ‘The Islamic Judiciary’ (United States Institute of Peace, 1 August 2015) <https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/islamic-judiciary> accessed 1 February 2022. 14 Human Rights Watch, World Report 2021 (2021) <https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021> accessed 1 February 2022, 336. 15 Parisa Hafezi, ‘Khamenei Protégé Wins Iran Election Amid Low Turnout,’ (Reuters, 19 June 2021) <https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-sole-moderate-presidential-candidate-congratulates-raisi-his-victorystate-2021-06-19/> accessed 1 February 2022. 16 Mumisa, Sharia Law and the Death Penalty (n 7) 6.