They also raised concerns about the quality of language interpretation during criminal proceedings, arguing that Chen did not fully comprehend his legal situation. 26 years after sentencing, Chen still awaits execution in solitary con nement on death row. Wei Wei Wei arrived from China in the early 2000s on a student visa to pursue graduate studies. Wei's defence counsel argued for a more lenient sentence, insisting that Wei played a minor role in the crime. Their arguments were unsuccessful, and in 2005 Wei was sentenced to death. Wei was held on death row for 16 years before being hanged at age 40 in December 2019. At the time of his execution, Wei’s appeal was still pending but the execution went ahead despite this fact. In 2003, at 24 years old, Wei was charged with robbing and killing a clothing store owner, his wife and two children in their home. The case was covered extensively in the news as ‘brutal murders’ by foreign-born perpetrators. Two fellow Chinese international students were charged as accomplices, but managed to ee to China and were prosecuted there (one received the death penalty, the other life imprisonment). Acknowledgements With special thanks to the following organisations and individuals who lent their considerable assistance and expertise towards this research in Japan: Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information Centre, Ayuko Takatoh, Caroline Vorce, among others. Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford For more research see: fl fi foreign-nationals.uwazi.io or tinyurl.com/mappingdeathrow