prisoners. Justice Project Pakistan states that 21 mercy petitions were pending before the President in 2021, including those submitted by mentally ill and disabled prisoners. Foreign Nationals At least four foreign national prisoners were on death row in 2021, who had been sentenced to death between 2009 and 2018. The foreign national prisoners were all men. This includes two individuals from Afghanistan (for murder or armed attack), one from Norway (for murder and rape) and one from India (for espionage). They await appeals in their cases, but will likely remain on death row for many years. Central Jail, Lahore, where some foreign national prisoners are kept. Acknowledgements With special thanks to the following organisations and individuals who lent their considerable assistance and expertise towards this research in Pakistan: Justice Project Pakistan, Prison Insider, Karan Tripathi, among others. Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford For more research see: foreign-nationals.uwazi.io or tinyurl.com/mappingdeathrow