In 2007, Cecilia was charged with robbing and murdering her employer, a Taiwanese national and was sentenced to death in September 2008. She was represented by The Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty, who emphasized that translation was an issue throughout the case. The court provided an interpreter for the hearings and trial, but the interpreter translated only into English and not into Cecilia's native language. Though Cecilia understood English at an intermediate level, she was unable to understand the complex legal terms used throughout the proceedings. As a result, Cecilia did not have full comprehension of the legal proceedings or her legal situation. Cecilia's lawyers argued on appeal that the inadequacies in translation amounted to a fair trial violation. In 2008, owing both to political pressure and advocacy by Filipino and Taiwanese organisations, the President of Taiwan commuted Cecilia's sentence to life imprisonment. Cecilia remains in prison in Taiwan. Li Guo-hui Li Guo-hui, a 52-yearold man from Myanmar, came to Taiwan in 2004 where he lived in a Burmese community where Mandarin was not spoken. Li is unable to communicate in Mandarin at all, beyond basic phrases. Li suffers from mental illness and auditory hallucinations ("voices"), which he claims compelled him to commit the crime; setting re to a residential building in 2017. Nine people died in the blaze. Li was not provided with a translator during the investigation phase. As a result, Li signed the record of interrogation without full understanding its contents. Inculpatory statements stemming from this were used against him in court and Li was sentenced to death. Li’s lawyer argued that pre-trial issues, particularly the failure to provide Li with a translator, deprived Li of his fundamental rights to fair trial and due process. He stated that Li's case was tragically emblematic of the procedural disadvantages that foreign national defendants often face in Taiwan's criminal justice system. Acknowledgements With special thanks to the following organisations and individuals who lent their considerable assistance and expertise towards this research in Death Penalty Research Unit, University of Oxford For more research see: fi foreign-nationals.uwazi.io or tinyurl.com/mappingdeathrow

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